E komo mai! Welcome to the enchanting world of Hawaiʻi Island, affectionately known as the Big Island. Beyond its breathtaking landscapes, pristine beaches, and lush rainforests, the Big Island is a tapestry woven with rich legends and myths passed down through generations. These stories not only add depth to the island’s natural beauty but also offer a glimpse into the soul of Hawaiian culture and traditions.
Join us on a mythical journey as we explore some of the Big Island’s most iconic landmarks and the captivating stories that bring them to life. Whether planning your first visit or returning to relive the magic, these legends will enrich your experience and connect you deeper to the spirit of Hawaiʻi.
Pele, the Goddess of Fire and Volcanoes
The Fiery Heart of Kīlauea
At the heart of the Big Island lies Kīlauea, one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. But beyond its geological significance, Kīlauea is revered as the home of Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of fire, lightning, wind, and volcanoes. Her presence is felt throughout the island, shaping its landscapes and stories.
The Origin of Pele
According to Hawaiian mythology, Pele was born in the mystical land of Kahiki (often interpreted as Tahiti or a distant homeland). Driven by an insatiable passion and a fierce temperament, Pele embarked on a journey across the Pacific Ocean in search of a new home. With her magical digging stick, Pāoa, she tried to create her abode on various islands, but each time, her sister Nāmaka, the goddess of the sea, would extinguish her fires.
Pele’s voyage led her to the Hawaiian archipelago, where she attempted to settle on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and finally, the Big Island. At each stop, Nāmaka’s relentless waves would douse Pele’s fiery creations. It wasn’t until Pele reached Mauna Loa and Kīlauea on the Big Island that she found a place where her fires could burn undisturbed, deep within the earth.
Pele’s Influence on the Landscape
The continuous volcanic activity of Kīlauea is seen as Pele’s ongoing creative process, constantly reshaping the island. The lava flows, which mesmerize visitors with their glowing rivers, are believed to be manifestations of Pele’s power and artistry. Each eruption, each new land formed, is a testament to her enduring presence.
When you visit Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, you’re not just witnessing a geological wonder but also stepping into Pele’s domain. The Halemaʻumaʻu Crater, in particular, is considered her sacred dwelling. Local customs dictate that visitors should respect the land and avoid taking any lava rocks or sand as souvenirs, as doing so is believed to incur Pele’s wrath, bringing bad luck or misfortune. The state of Hawaii even has a specifically designated mailing address for people to return “Pele’s Children” back to their land, as there were too many cases of this happening.
Tales of Pele’s Wanderings
Pele is not confined to her volcanic home; legends tell of her wandering the islands in various forms, often as a beautiful young woman or an elderly beggar woman, to test people’s kindness and hospitality. Many stories recount encounters where those who showed her respect and generosity were rewarded, while those who were rude or dismissive faced dire consequences.
One popular tale tells of a hitchhiker dressed in white appearing on lonely roads near Kīlauea. Drivers who pick her up often report that she disappears mysteriously from the backseat, believed to be Pele herself, reminding people of the importance of aloha spirit and kindness to strangers.
Experiencing Pele’s Presence
For visitors, experiencing Pele’s realm is both awe-inspiring and humbling. Walking through the Thurston Lava Tube, feeling the heat of recent lava flows, or gazing into the depths of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater offers a profound connection to the raw forces of nature and the spiritual essence of Hawaiʻi.
Tips for Visitors:
- Respect the land: Stay on designated paths and respect all signs and warnings.
- Cultural sensitivity: Learn about and respect local customs and beliefs.
- Safety first: Volcanic areas can be unpredictable; always follow park guidelines and updates.
The Legend of the Waipiʻo Valley
The Sacred Valley of Kings
Nestled on the northeastern coast of the Big Island lies the breathtaking Waipiʻo Valley, often referred to as the “Valley of the Kings.” This lush, secluded valley is steeped in history and mythology, serving as a significant cultural and spiritual hub in ancient Hawaiʻi.
A Place of Royalty and Reverence
Waipiʻo Valley was once the political and religious center of Hawaiʻi, home to many aliʻi (chiefs) and kings, including the famous King Kamehameha I, who unified the Hawaiian Islands. The valley’s fertile lands, abundant waters, and natural protection made it an ideal place for royalty to reside and for important ceremonies to be held.
The Story of Hiʻiaka and Lohiʻau
One of the most enchanting myths associated with Waipiʻo Valley involves Hiʻiaka, the beloved sister of Pele, and Lohiʻau, a handsome chief from Kauaʻi.
According to legend, Pele fell in love with Lohiʻau through dreams and sent Hiʻiaka on a perilous journey to bring him to her. Hiʻiaka ventured across the islands, facing numerous challenges and obstacles. During her quest, she passed through Waipiʻo Valley, where she encountered and battled various moʻo (water spirits) and other supernatural beings.
Hiʻiaka’s journey through Waipiʻo showcases the valley’s mystical nature and its role as a gateway between the physical and spiritual realms. The story also emphasizes themes of loyalty, courage, and the complex relationships between deities in Hawaiian mythology.
The Naupaka Flower’s Tale
Another poignant legend tied to Waipiʻo Valley is the story of the naupaka flower, which appears to be a half-flower. The tale tells of two lovers, Naupaka, a princess, and a commoner named Kauʻi* Forbidden to be together due to their social statuses, they sought counsel from a kahuna (priest), who, unable to help, suggested they pray to the gods.
As they prayed, Naupaka took a flower from her hair, tore it in half, and gave one piece to Kauʻi. She told him to live by the sea while she would remain in the mountains. Moved by their sorrow, the gods transformed the naupaka flower to bloom in halves, some in the mountains (naupaka kuahiwi) and some by the sea (naupaka kahakai), symbolizing their eternal separation.
Visitors to Waipiʻo Valley can find these unique flowers, serving as a romantic and bittersweet reminder of enduring love and sacrifice.
Exploring Waipiʻo Valley Today
Today, Waipiʻo Valley remains a place of profound beauty and mystery. With its towering cliffs, cascading waterfalls like the majestic Hiʻilawe Falls, and verdant taro fields, the valley offers a glimpse into ancient Hawaiian life and traditions.
Access to the valley is limited and requires a steep descent, often recommended only for four-wheel-drive vehicles or guided tours. Alternatively, adventurous visitors can opt for a challenging hike down and explore the black sand beach, freshwater streams, and remnants of ancient temples (heiau).
Tips for Visitors:
- Respect private property: Some areas are privately owned; always stay on public paths and respect residents’ privacy.
- Guided tours: Consider joining a guided tour for safe and informative exploration.
- Prepare adequately: Bring sufficient water, wear appropriate footwear, and be prepared for changing weather conditions.
The Myth of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau: The Place of Refuge
Sanctuary and Salvation
On the western coast of the Big Island lies Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, a serene and sacred site that once served as a place of refuge in ancient Hawaiʻi. This sanctuary played a critical role in the island’s social and spiritual fabric, offering absolution and protection to those who sought it.
Understanding the Kapu System
To fully appreciate Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau, one must understand the kapu system, a complex set of sacred laws and prohibitions that governed all aspects of Hawaiian life. Violating kapu could result in severe punishments, often death, as it was believed that breaches could incur the gods’ wrath and bring misfortune to the community.
However, there was a path to redemption. If a person who broke kapu could reach a designated puʻuhonua (place of refuge) before being caught, they could undergo rituals and receive forgiveness from a priest, allowing them to return to society cleansed and without fear of retribution.
Legends of Escape and Redemption
Countless stories tell of individuals embarking on desperate and perilous journeys to reach Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau. Whether warriors defeated in battle, kapu breakers, or civilians caught in conflicts, this sanctuary provided a second chance at life.
One such legend speaks of a young warrior named Kele, who, after a failed rebellion against a tyrannical chief, found himself pursued by enemy forces. Injured and exhausted, Kele navigated treacherous terrains, evading capture with the help of nature’s signs and guidance from ancestral spirits. Upon reaching Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau, he underwent purification rituals and eventually returned to his village, later becoming a wise and just leader who brought peace and prosperity to his people.
These tales underscore the themes of forgiveness, resilience, and the possibility of transformation, core values in Hawaiian culture.
The Guardians of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau
The site is also protected by the fierce and enigmatic Kiʻi, wooden images representing Hawaiian gods. Standing tall along the Great Wall and other sacred spaces, these carved figures are believed to ward off evil and safeguard the sanctity of the refuge.
Among the deities revered here is Lono, the god of peace, agriculture, and fertility. Ceremonies and offerings to Lono were common, especially during the Makahiki season, a time of harvest and celebration.
Visiting Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau Today
Today, visitors can walk through this well-preserved historical park, immersing themselves in the profound sense of peace and spirituality that permeates the area. Key features include:
- The Great Wall: A massive lava rock wall that delineates the sacred grounds.
- Hale o Keawe: A reconstructed heiau (temple) that once housed the bones of chiefs, believed to bestow spiritual power and protection.
- Royal Grounds: Adjacent to the refuge, these grounds were reserved for the aliʻi and include fishponds, canoe landings, and other structures essential to royal life.
Tips for Visitors:
- Cultural respect: Understand and honor the site’s cultural significance by following posted guidelines and behaving respectfully.
- Educational opportunities: Take advantage of ranger-led tours and interpretive displays to deepen your understanding.
- Photography: Capture the beauty of the site, but be mindful of areas where photography may be restricted.
The Story of Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach
The Legend Behind the Black Sands
Punaluʻu Beach, famed for its striking black sands and frequent visits from green sea turtles (honu), is not only a natural wonder but also holds a fascinating place in Hawaiian lore.
Pele’s Tears and Creation of Black Sand
One legend attributes the creation of black sand beaches like Punaluʻu to the dramatic interactions of Pele’s fiery lava meeting the cool ocean waters. As molten lava flows into the sea, it shatters upon contact, creating tiny fragments that accumulate to form the distinctive black sands. These sands are often referred to as Pele’s tears, symbolizing the goddess’s dynamic and sometimes tumultuous relationship with the land and sea.
The Stolen Waters of Punaluʻu
Another intriguing myth tells of a time when Punaluʻu’s freshwater supply was stolen by a neighboring village suffering from drought. To protect their precious resource, the villagers of Punaluʻu sought the help of Menehune, the legendary small-statured people known for their engineering prowess and nocturnal construction feats.
The Menehune worked through the night to build hidden underwater springs, ensuring that Punaluʻu’s people could access fresh water directly from the ocean floor. Even today, swimmers at Punaluʻu Beach can feel the cool freshwater mixing with the seawater, a tangible reminder of this enduring legend.
The Sacred Honu
Punaluʻu Beach is also renowned for its population of honu, which are considered sacred in Hawaiian culture. Legends tell of honu as aumakua (guardian spirits) that watch over and protect families. One such story recounts a honu named Kauila, who could transform into a human girl to guard children playing along the shoreline. Kauila’s spirit is believed to reside in Punaluʻu, continuing to watch over and bless the area.
Visiting Punaluʻu Beach Today
Visitors to Punaluʻu can bask in the unique beauty of the black sands, observe the graceful honu basking on the shore, and feel the cool freshwater springs beneath the waves.
Tips for Visitors:
- Respect wildlife: Maintain a safe and respectful distance from sea turtles and other wildlife.
- Leave no trace: Protect the delicate ecosystem by keeping the beach clean and undisturbed.
- Safety precautions: The black sand can get very hot under the sun; wear appropriate footwear and be cautious of strong currents while swimming.
The Enchanting Tale of Rainbow Falls (Waianuenue)
The Home of the Moon Goddess
Located near Hilo, Rainbow Falls, known in Hawaiian as Waianuenue, is a stunning cascade that captivates visitors with its beauty and the rainbows that often form in its mist. Beyond its picturesque allure, Rainbow Falls is steeped in myth and mystique.
The Legend of Hina
According to Hawaiian legend, Rainbow Falls is the home of Hina, the revered goddess of the moon and mother of the demigod Māui. Hina is said to have lived in a cave behind the waterfall, weaving kapa (bark cloth) and tending to her affairs under the shimmering veil of the falls.
One story tells of a moʻo named Kapunawahine, a powerful lizard spirit who threatened Hina’s peaceful abode by causing flooding and chaos. Māui, upon learning of his mother’s plight, battled the moʻo, using his strength and cunning to defeat the creature and restore tranquility to the area. The rainbows seen at the falls are believed to be symbols of peace and Hina’s enduring presence.
The Magic of Rainbows
The frequent rainbows that arch over the falls are not only a visual delight but also hold deep cultural significance. In Hawaiian culture, rainbows are seen as bridges between the earthly realm and the heavens, symbols of divine blessings and messages from the gods. Witnessing a rainbow at Waianuenue is considered a fortunate and spiritually uplifting experience.
Exploring Rainbow Falls Today
Easily accessible and surrounded by lush tropical vegetation, Rainbow Falls offers a serene and enchanting setting for visitors. The falls plunge 80 feet into a large pool, creating a mesmerizing spectacle, especially in the morning when the sunlight catches the mist just right to form vivid rainbows.
Nearby, you can explore banyan trees with sprawling roots and branches, adding to the mystical atmosphere. For a different perspective, take the short trail to the top of the falls, where you can see the river flowing and feel the refreshing mist.
Tips for Visitors:
- Best viewing times: Visit in the early morning for the best chance to see rainbows.
- Stay safe: Observe all safety signs and avoid venturing too close to the water’s edge or climbing on slippery rocks.
- Enjoy respectfully: Keep noise levels low to preserve the peaceful ambiance and respect other visitors’ experiences.
The Big Island of Hawaiʻi is more than just a destination; it’s a living, breathing tapestry of stories, legends, and cultural richness that beckons travelers to delve deeper into its essence. From the fiery realms of Pele shaping the land beneath our feet to the serene sanctuaries offering redemption and the enchanting tales whispering through waterfalls and valleys, these myths infuse every corner of the island with magic and meaning.
As you explore the Big Island, take a moment to listen to these stories carried by the winds and waves. Let them guide your journey, enrich your experiences, and connect you to the profound spirit of aloha that defines Hawaiʻi.
So pack your sense of adventure and wonder and embark on a voyage through time and myth. Discover the legends that live on in the land, and perhaps, create a few stories of your own along the way.
Mahalo nui loa (thank you very much) for joining us on this mythical journey. May your travels be filled with beauty, wisdom, and the enduring spirit of Hawaiʻi.